Case Study
Personalized products are gaining significant attention in many sectors around the globe. Liquid-liquid emulsions are one of the key delivery platforms for such products. There is an urgent need to develop truly distributed and flexible manufacturing platforms that can deliver desired liquid-liquid emulsions on demand.
Challenges
Current bulk manufacturing technologies are slow in responding to changes, are capital-intensive, use unsustainable methods, and are not flexible in meeting personalized needs. While the emulsions are simple in concept and widely used in practice, obtaining desired droplet size distribution, which controls critical quality attributes (CQAs) of the formed emulsion, is still a significant challenge. Breakage of liquid droplets in turbulent flow is a complex process involving shear, stretching, surfactants, and interphase transport processes. In this work, we have harnessed novel hydrodynamic cavitation devices for producing liquid-liquid emulsions. We are using Ansys computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools to gain insights into inception and extent of cavitation and subsequent droplet breakage processes to develop optimal designs and operating protocols.
Engineering Solution
The complex flow behavior and droplet breakage were successfully simulated using the suite of Ansys CFD tools. Ansys products were used to generate high-quality mesh for simulating complex, recirculating, turbulent, multiphase flows with phase change (Figure 1). Appropriate turbulence and cavitation models were selected from the comprehensive library of models in-built with Ansys Fluent. The simulations were used first to compare macroscopic paramters like pressure drop with the experimental data (see Figure 2). Full transient simulations were needed to achieve accurate predictions (Figures 3 and 4). The validated computational model was then used to optimize the design of hydrodynamic cavitation devices and the overall process of producing emulsions on demand.
Benefits
Ansys products were very useful for reducing the number of experiments required to achieve the desired drop size of the emulsions. The population balance models, different breakage kernels and a facility of user-designed functions available in Fluent were very helpful in simulating droplet breakage in complex cavitating flows. The insight gained via detailed knowledge of local energy dissipation rates, turbulent kinetic energy, and shear led to new ideas for improving the device design. The work has created a sound basis for the development of “Factory in a Box” platforms.